The amount of heat energy that a sample has depends on: a
how hot or cold it feels to touch
b
the kinetic energies of the particles
c
the mass and the number of particles in a sample
d
the speeds of particles in a sample

Option B:the kinetic energies of the particles

Explanation:

Temperature is simply defined as a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy that is possessed by the particles in a sample.

Now, the more the particles experience vibration, translation and rotation, the higher the temperature of the object and vise versa.

Thus, the amount of heat energy depends on the kinetic energies of the particles

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.