In hot sunlight, dry sand heats up more than ocean water. What principles of heat and thermal energy does this difference demonstrate?

1) Heat capacity

2) Thermal Conductivity

3) Heat reflection

Explanation:

The heat capacity of a body is the heat required to raise the temperature of the given mass of the body by 1° C.

The heat capacity = Mass × Specific heat capacity

Given that the mass of the ocean, which covers 70% of the Earth's surface has a much larger mass than a given unit of sand and that the specific heat capacity for the water (4,200 J/(kg·°C)) is much more than that of the sand (800 J/(kg·°C)), the heat required to raise the temperature of the mass of sand by 1°C is much less than the heat required to raise the temperature of the temperature of the ocean by 1°C

Therefore, the sand will have a higher temperature than the ocean when exposed to the same Sunlight

2) The ocean has a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/(m·°C) the thermal conductivity of sand is 2.05 W/(m·°C), therefore, sand takes heat from the Sun faster than the ocean which also increases its temperature

3) The albedo, of the ocean is more than that of the sand so the ocean absorbs more of the Sun's heat than the sand but very little of the heat is conducted.