What effect does decreasing the temperature of a room have on a lifespan of a battery? Which variable is highlighted in red, bolded tex?

a
Independent
b
Dependent
c
Control
d
None

This question is incomplete. There is no highlight in red bolded text in the question but the answer to both the independent and dependent variables will be provided and explained in details.

Independent variable: decrease in temperature

Dependent variable: lifespan of battery

Explanation:

The independent variable of an experiment refers to the variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter in order to bring about an outcome. In this experiment, the DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE is the independent variable because it is what is being changed to effect a response in the battery lifespan.

On the contrary, the dependent variable is the variable that responds to the manipulation of the independent variable. In other words, the dependent variable is the outcome. In this experiment, the LIFESPAN OF THE BATTERY is the dependent variable because it is what is responding to the changes made by decreasing the temperature (independent variable)

clouds form

solid ice forms on leaves.

water droplets form on grass.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.