When is the absorption spectrum of an electron generated?

The atomic absorption spectra is created when light passes through gaseous elements and atoms

Answer;

A. when an electron in an atom is excited to a higher energy state

Explanation;Lines on the atomic spectrum are based on the electron transitions between energy levels, such that when an electron drops an energy level a photon is released resulting in an emission line and when an electron absorbs a photon and rises an energy level an absorption line is observed on the spectrum.Therefore; an absorption spectrum is a spectrum of absorption lines or bands  which occurs when electrons move to a higher orbit by absorbing energy. Each atom has a unique spacing of orbits and can emit or absorb only certain energies or wavelengths.

Heat is involved in chemical change in two ways; chemical changes either result in heat being added to or removed from an object, and chemical changes require a certain amount of heat before they can take place.