You determine that it takes 26.0 mL of base to neutralize a sample of your unknown acid solution. The pH of the solution when exactly 13 mL of base had been added was 2.75. You notice that the concentration of the unknown acid was 0.1 M. a. What are the Ka and the pKa of your unknown acid? (Show work)
b. After finishing your calculations, you discover that the actual concentration of the unknown acid was 0.35 M. How would this affect your calculation of the pKa?

a. 1.78x10⁻³ = Ka

2.75 = pKa

b. It is irrelevant.

Explanation:

a. The neutralization of a weak acid, HA, with a base can help to find Ka of the acid.

Equilibrium is:

HA ⇄ H⁺ + A⁻

And Ka is defined as:

Ka = [H⁺] [A⁻] / [HA]

The HA reacts with the base, XOH, thus:

HA + XOH → H₂O + A⁻ + X⁺

As you require 26.0mL of the base to consume all HA, if you add 13mL, the moles of HA will be the half of the initial moles and, the other half, will be A⁻

That means:

[HA] = [A⁻]

It is possible to obtain pKa from H-H equation (Equation used to find pH of a buffer), thus:

pH = pKa + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]

Replacing:

2.75 = pKa + log₁₀ [A⁻] / [HA]

As [HA] = [A⁻]

2.75 = pKa + log₁₀ 1

Knowing pKa = -log Ka

2.75 = -log Ka

10^-2.75 = Ka

b. As you can see, the initial concentration of the acid was not necessary. The only thing you must know is that in the half of the titration, [HA] = [A⁻]. Thus, the initial concentration of the acid doesn't affect the initial calculation.

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definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.