In the first step of glycolysis, the given two reactions are coupled. reaction 1:reaction 2:glucose+Pi⟶glucose-6-phosphate+H2 OATP+H2O⟶ADP+PiΔG=+13.8 kJ/molΔG=−30.5 kJ/mol reaction 1:glucose+Pi⟶glucose-6-phosphate+H2 OΔG=+13.8 kJ/molreaction 2:ATP+H2O⟶ADP+PiΔG=−30.5 kJ/mol Answer the four questions about the first step of glycolysis. Is reaction 2 spontaneous or nonspontaneous?

Answer : The reaction 2 is spontaneous.

Explanation :

As we know that:

= +ve, reaction is non spontaneous

= -ve, reaction is spontaneous

= 0, reaction is in equilibrium

For the reaction to be spontaneous, the Gibbs free energy of the reaction must come out to be negative.

Reaction 1:

Glucose + Pi glucose-6-phosphate + H₂O,   ΔG = +13.8 kJ/mol

Reaction 2:

ATP + H₂O ADP + Pi,   ΔG = -30.5 kJ/mol

From this we conclude that the value of ΔG is negative. So, reaction 2 is a spontaneous reaction.

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water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.