Using your understanding of environmental science, make a hypothesis about how these six vehicles compare with regard to total lifetime greenhouse gas emissions. Predict which ranking reflects least CO2 emitted to most CO2 emitted. (Note that all responses will be marked as "correct" at this point.)

Answer is option (d) (lowest to highest)

We have to rank the six vehicles according to the CO2 emission causing an impact on global warming. We know that burning of coal has the highest emission of all fossil fuel so EV powered by electricity from it will be the highest impact on global warming with highest CO2 emission, next is burning of gasoline, but the CO2 emission can be varied by the process of the burning in engines obviously a high-efficiency burning will have less impact than a regular standard engine. So, after ICEV standard will have high CO2 emission than the ICEV (high efficiency), now the next will be EV which is having its electricity supplied by a mix of resources, the production involves both fossil and non-fossil fuel which make this vehicle more environmentally friendly than the full fossil fuel-based. The ICEV with less driving has the second least emission because you are not burning the fuel like other vehicles because of not driving the vehicle. In the last will be the EV having powered by electricity of wind it will be the least emission almost zero because it using wind power to generate electricity. Hence arrangement comes like this, EV(wind), ICEV(less driving), EV (mix of sources), ICEV (high-efficiency), standard ICEV, EV (coal) from lowest to highest CO2 emission.

c. electrical charges of ionic bonds.