Where do soil particles come from?

All soil is made up of inorganic mineral particles, organic matter (including living things), air and water. Inorganic mineral particles make up more than half the volume of soil. These particles come from rocks – the parent material that formed the soil.

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answer: option (b) is the correct answer.

explanation:

a covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons. whereas polarity arises due to difference in electronegativity of two atoms.

therefore, more is the electronegativity of an atom which combines with the titanium, more readily it will induce a partial positive and negative charge.

thus, out of the given options fluorine is most electronegative and has an incomplete octet. therefore, it will readily combine with titanium to share the electrons and complete its octet.