The flavor of beer can be tainted by a trace contaminant, called ortho-bromophenol. To reduce the incidents of contamination, beer manufacturers have used certified beer flavor standards to train professional beer tasters to recognize the flavor of ortho-bromophenol. Preparing these certified standards requires pure samples of ortho-bromophenol.

Propose a synthesis of ortho-bromophenol starting from phenol.

Choose from the reagents below. Each reagent can be used more than once.

a) dilute NaOH

b) conc. fuming, 1 mol H2S04

c) Zn

d) HBr

e) HCl

f) Dilute H2S04

g) Br2

h) Br2, Febr3

i) HNO3

The missing steps are:

Step 1: (b)

Step 2: (b)

Step 3: (d)

Step 4: (f)

Explanation:

See the attached file for explanation

alkaline metals are lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium and francium.

alkali metals have electronegativity from 0.7 to 1, lowest in periodic table of elements, which means that alkali metals (i group in periodic table) has positive oxidation number in compounds.

electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

alkaline metals (far left in main group) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons,

for example, potassium is the alkali metal and has a single valence electron in the outer electron shell.

electron configuration of potassium is: ₁₉k 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹.

they can not exist alone in nature, because they are very reactive.