Conceptual Checkpoint 18.13 When 1,3-dinitrobenzene is treated with nitric acid and sulfuric acid at elevated temperature, the product is 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. Draw the sigma complex for each possible pathway to compare the relative stability of each sigma complex. For the mechanism, draw the curved arrows as needed. Include lone pairs and charges in your answer. Do not draw out any hydrogen explicitly in your products. Do not use abbreviations such as Me or Ph.

You are attempting to recrystallize a crude product mixture. you add the appropriate amount of hot solvent and are allowing the solution to slowly cool to room temperature. however, at room temperature no crystals have appeared, which of the following methods should be used to induce crystallization? choose all correct answers. a) place the flask in an ice bath. b) swirl the contents of the flask. c) add a small seed crystal of the desired product. d) scratch the inside of the glassware using a stir rod. it can be multiple choices