This reaction involves two successive Michael reactions, and has the following steps: 1. Deprotonation forms enolate ion 1; 2. The first Michael reaction forms enolate ion 2; 3. The second Michael reaction forms enolate ion 3; 4. Protonation leads to the final product. Write the mechanism out on a sheet of paper, and then draw the structure of enolate ion 1.

The structure is on the attached file.

Explanation:

The reaction entails 2 sequencial Michael's reaction with the steps below.

1. Deprotonation forms enolate ion1.

2.The first Michael's reaction results in enolate ion 2.

3.The second Michael's reaction gives enolate ion 3.

4. Protonation leads to the formation of the final product.

the answer is: they rebelled against saddam hussein’s rule.

kurds opposed saddam rule and wanted independence. kurds in the north and shiites in the south revolt against hussein.

for example, the halabja attack in 1988 conducted against the kurdish people by the iraqi regime under saddam hussein, where between 4000 people are killed and around 9000 are injured.