There are three voltaic cells. In each voltaic cell one half-cell contains a 1.0 M Fe(NO3)2(aq) solution with an Fe electrode. The contents of the other half-cells are as follows:

Cell 1: a 1.0 M CuCl2(aq) solution with a Cu electrode
Cell 2: a 1.0 M NiCl2(aq) solution with a Ni electrode
Cell 3: a 1.0 M ZnCl2(aq) solution with a Zn electrode

In which voltaic cell(s) does iron act as the anode?

a) Cell 1

b) Cell 2

c) Cell 3

d) Cells 1 and 2

e) All three cells