Chemistry, 31.01.2020 21:01 tristanlindor5908

What were the expected results of rutherford’s gold foil experiment, based on thomson’s model of the atom? how did the real results of the gold foil experiment change the accepted model of the atom?

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The expected results of the Rutherford's gold foil experiment were that the relative massive alpha particles (respect to electrons) could go through the gold foil without being deviated of their trajectory or only small deviations due to the uniformly distributed positive charge of the protons. The real results showed that some particles were significantly deviated of the trajectory (large deviation angles and even some particles bounced back to the source). This lead Rutherford to reject the plum pudding model and propose a new one. The new model proposed by Rutherford was that the atom consisted of a small and every dense nucleus (which contained the positive charge, protons) and a vast region, almost empty, but where the electrons were, surrounding the nucleus.

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}$ and electronic configuration of phosphorous is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{3}$ .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

$3na + p \rightarrow na_{3}p$

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

Electrons are transferred from atoms of to atoms of this transfer makes the sodium atoms and the

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The answer to this problem is. 67

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What were the expected results of rutherford’s gold foil experiment, based on thomson’s model of the...

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