The end point of a titration is defined as the volume of titrant added, while the equivalence point is the volume required for complete reaction with the analyte. By choosing the proper , scientists can minimize the difference in these two numbers, allowing more accurate measurements in the lab.

a. titrant

b. indicator

c. solvent

d. analyte

...BY CHOOSING A PROPER INDICATOR, SCIENTISTS CAN MINIMIZE THE DIFFERENCE IN THESE TWO NUMBERS,...

Explanation:

A chemical indicator is an agent or substance which gives a visible sign especially a color change when introduced to a solution of base indicating the threshold of the concentration of acid used in the titration procedure. These indicators include methyl orange, methyl red, phenolpthalein. They give a color change when the concentration of an acid as reached a critical limit in order for the reaction to be stopped. These indicators are involved in acid-base titrations, oxidation- reduction reactions and so on. More accurate results of the volume of the required acid or base is obtained by the introduction of these indicators.

INDICATOR

Explanation:

A particular indicator is chosen because it is designed to change color very close to the equivalence point of a reaction, thus making the end point of a titration very close to the equivalence point.

Explanation:

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.