The heart pumps blood at an average rate of 5 L/min. The gauge pressure on the venous (intake) side is 0 mm Hg and that on the arterial (discharge) side is 100 mm Hg. Energy is supplied to the heart as heat released by the absorption of oxygen in the cardiac muscles: 5 mL (STP) O2/min is absorbed, and 20.2 J is released per mL of O2 absorbed. Part of this absorbed energy is converted to flow work (the work done to pump blood through the circulatory system), and the balance is lost as heat transferred to the tissues surrounding the heart.

a. Simplify Equation 7.4-12 for this system, assuming (among other things) that there is no change in internal energy from inlet to outlet.
b. What percentage of the heat input to the heart ( . Q in )is converted to flow work? (The answer may be thought of as the efficiency of the heart as a pump.)

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.

the answer is 0.8m.

by: nicholas

answer carbon and three oxygen atoms;