Which aspects of water makes it an excellent solvent?

Because of polar nature of water it is called universal solvent

the number of valence electrons for each molecule or ion is shown beneath the structure. remember hydrogen will not have more than two electrons. this hydrogen is part of a covalent bond (sharing two electrons). a double bond here would cause hydrogen to share four electrons with phosphorus.

the correct answer would be b) volume versus temperature, because they are also directly proportional.