How many grams of 0.491 wt% aqueous HF are requires to provide a 50% excess to reat with 25.00 mL of 0.0236 M Th4+ by the reaction Th4+ + 4 F- ® ThF4 (s)

Explanation:

1. Chemical equation:

2. Mole ratio

3. Number of moles of Th⁴⁺

Molarity, M, is equal to the number of moles, n, per liter, V, of solution

4. Number of moles of F⁻

Use the mole ratio:

5. Number of moles of HF

Assuming 100% dissociation 1 mol of F⁻  is equal to 1 mol of HF

6. Convert 1 mol of HF to mass in grams

7. Calculate 50% excess:

Multiply by 1.5

8. Use the percent concentration

% = ( mass of solute / mass of solution ) × 100

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