Onsider the following reaction at equilibrium:

C(s)+H2O(g)⇌CO(g)+H2(g)

Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged upon each of the following disturbances.

A. C is added to the reaction mixture.
B. H2Ois condensed and removed from the reaction mixture.
C. CO is added to the reaction mixture.
D. H2 is removed from the reaction mixture.

Explanation:

Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle.

This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.

For the given equation:

A. C is added to the reaction mixture.

If the concentration of reactant specie is increased , according to the Le-Chatlier's principle , the equilibrium will shift in the direction where decrease in concentration of reactant specie occurs. So, on increasing C ,equilibrium will shift in right direction.

B. is condensed and removed from the reaction mixture.

If the concentration of reactant specie is decreased , according to the Le-Chatlier's principle , the equilibrium will shift in the direction where increase in concentration of reactant specie occurs. So, on removing water vapor ,the equilibrium will shift in left direction.

C. CO is added to the reaction mixture.

If the concentration of product specie is increased , according to the Le-Chatlier's principle , the equilibrium will shift in the direction where decrease in concentration of product specie occurs. So, on increasing CO, the equilibrium will shift in left direction.

D. is removed from the reaction mixture.

If the concentration of product specie is decreased , according to the Le-Chatlier's principle , the equilibrium will shift in the direction where increase in concentration of product specie occurs. So, on removing hydrogen , the equilibrium will shift in right direction.