In the following acid-base reactions, identify the spectator ions, if any:
(i) Cesium hydroxide(aq) + nitric acid(aq) =>
(ii) Calcium hydroxide(aq) + acetic acid(aq) =>
a.
(i) Cs+ and NO3-
(ii) no spectator ions
b.
(i) Cs+ and NO3-
(ii) H+ and OH-
c.
(i) no spectator ions
(ii) H+ and OH-
d.
(i) Cs+ and NO3-
(ii) Ca2+ and acetate ion.
e.
(i) no spectator ions
(ii) no spectator ions

Straightforward questions answered in the powerpoint slidesreaction: heating the starting materials under refluxwhat does it mean to heat under reflux? why do we choose water as the reflux solvent? what are boiling chips used for? why do we put a condenser on top of the reaction? why do we add heat and let the reaction stir for 30 minutes? why do we add sulfuric acid to the reaction after it cools as opposed to when it’s still hot? separation: filtration of precipitatewhy don’t we do an aqueous and organic extraction in the separatory funnel? why do you rinse the salicylic acid on the filter with ice cold water? purification: recrystallization of salicylic acid (no hot filtration needed)what is the difference in the amount of room temperature water vs. boiling water needed to dissolve the salicylic acid (assume a 1.2 gram yield of salicylic acid)? remember, in the lab if you need x ml of boiling water to dissolve a solid, then you should add a little more (definitely no more than 1.5 times the theoretical amount) to ensure it doesn’t recrystallize prematurely.analysis: melting point of salicylic acidwhat can you conclude if the melting point of the salicylic acid you just synthesized is 152-155oc and the 1: 1 mix of your product and “synthetic” salicylic acid is 151-154oc?

Some animals that try to adapt to climate changes eventually die due to starvation, as climate change alters the web.

A40 kilogram skier starts at the top of a 12 meter high slope. at the bottom, she is travelling 10 meters per second. how much energy does she lose to friction