1. When adding strong base to a buffer, why can we assume the equilibrium value of the OH- is zero?

When adding strong base to a buffer, we assume the equilibrium value of the hydroxyl ion (OH-) is zero because all hydroxyl ion (OH) react with hydrogen ion (H+) forming water. So there is no hydroxyl ion (OH-) left and values of hydroxyl ion (OH-) is become zero.

Hydrogen ion is released by weak acid which is present in the buffer solution.

air quality

poor drinking water

and heavy polution

can lead to poor health

radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei – that is, ones that don't have enough binding energy to hold

the nucleus together due to an excess of either protons or neutrons.