Compounds A and B are isomers having molecular formula C5H12. Heating A with Cl2 gives a single product of monohalogenation, whereas heating B under the same conditions forms three constitutional isomers. What are the structures of A and B?

Compound A is neopentane while compound B is n - pentane.

First of all, we must note that the compounds A and B are alkanes and isomers of pentane. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Now, compound A gives a single monochlorination product when heated with Cl2 showing that the molecule is highly symmetric. This molecule must be neopentane (image 1).

Compound B forms  three constitutional isomers upon monochlorination. This compound must be n-pentane since three are three different types of carbon atoms in the structure(image 2).

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Explanation:

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