A single penny is 1.52 mm thick. The distance to the next nearest star other than our own (Alpha Centauri) is 4.22 light-years. If it were possible to stack one mole of pennies, how many times would the stack go between the earth and Alpha Centauri? Use the unit factoring method to determine the answer and show your work. You will need to find or look up the appropriate conversion factors to solve the problem. Your answer should be in scientific notation and have the correct number of significant figures in order to get full credit. (Please note that the text editing functions/buttons below for this essay question allows you to show exponents by using the button show as "x2"in the controls. To use it type the number followed by the exponent such as 104, highlight the 4 and hit the x2 button and you will end up with 104 as the result)

2.29 × 10⁴ times

Explanation:

A single penny is 1.52 mm thick. The distance covered by 1 mole of pennies (6.02 × 10²³ pennies) is:

6.02 × 10²³ p × (1.52 mm/1 p) = 9.15 × 10²³ mm = 9.15 × 10²³ × 10⁻³ m = 9.15 × 10²⁰ m

The distance to the next nearest star other than our own (Alpha Centauri) is 4.22 light-years. Considering 1 ly = 9.46 × 10¹⁵ m, this distance in meters is:

4.22 ly × (9.46 × 10¹⁵ m/1 ly) = 3.99 × 10¹⁶ m

The times that the stack would go between the earth and Alpha Centauri are:

9.15 × 10²⁰ m / 3.99 × 10¹⁶ m = 2.29 × 10⁴

i believe it is a.) released into

explanation:

according to the u.s. department of agriculture, the label of "certified organic" comes with a set of highly regulated standards for environmental stewardship and resource conservation. some of these include maintenance and improvement of soil quality, prevention of ground and surface water contamination, greenhouse gas regulation, encouragement of biodiversity and conservation of water and energy (see references 1). organic practices integrate natural methods such as mulching, plant diversity, native and adapted plants, crop rotation and the introduction of beneficial insects to control pests without synthetic pesticides.

environmental implications of pesticides

synthetic pesticides ensure high crop yields. while effective in achieving this goal, pesticides contaminate soil, air, ground and surface water, as well as the plants and animals that come into contact with these contaminated sources. freshwater and marine organisms are particularly susceptible to pesticides through agricultural runoff. pesticides also reduce soil fertility (necessitating the use of synthetic fertilizers) and can travel far from the original source, contaminating water and air hundreds of miles from the location of application (see references 2).

health implications of organics

although a subject of particular debate, many recent findings show that organic food is healthier than conventionally grown food. according to the usda, an extensive european union-funded study found that organically grown foods contain more beneficial compounds, such as the vitamins and antioxidants needed to combat many diseases (see references 5). organic milk, meat and eggs are regulated to ensure they are free of hormones administered to conventional livestock and poultry.

health implications of pesticides

pesticides affect human health in three ways: through skin contact, inhalation and ingestion. acute and long-term exposure to pesticides can cause serious health problems for farmers who apply them. the majority of other people are affected by drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated marine life (see references 3). pesticides have been linked to neurological disorders, endocrine and reproductive disorders, immune system deficiencies and cancer. according to the world health organization, acute pesticide poisoning (app) is responsible for significant annual mortality, especially in developing nations (see references 4).

other important considerations

not every small farm or business owner can afford the costly certification process required to be considered "certified organic," even if the farm is not using chemicals. "transitional" farms include those that once used chemicals and are now transitioning to organic-only production. in addition, though organic farming methods offer obvious environmental benefit, an organic apple shipped from around the world creates a different set of environmental problems. locally grown food (particularly locally grown, organic food) is key in sustainable food production.