Free radical chlorination of ethane can produce higher halogenation products (dichlorinated, trichlorinated, in addition to chloroethane. how could the production of higher halogenated products be minimized? use an excess of chlorine use an excess of ethane use equimolar chlorine and ethane it is not possible to minimize the production of higher halogenated products

Use an excess of ethane

Explanation:

The halogenation of alkanes is a substitution reaction. All the hydrogen atoms in the alkanes could be potentially substituted. How ever the reaction can be controlled by using an excess of either the alkane or the halogen. If the aim (as it is in this question) is to minimize the yield of halogenated alkanes, an excess of the alkane (in this case, ethane) is used.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%

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