Nitroglycerin is a dangerous powerful explosive that violently decomposes when it is shaken or dropped. the swedish chemist alfred nobel (1833-1896) founded the nobel prizes with a fortune he made by inventing dynamite, a mixture of nitroglycerin and inert ingredients that was safe to handle.

1. write a balanced chemical equation, including physical state symbols, for the decomposition of liquid nitroglycerin ( c 3 h 5 no 3 3 ) into gaseous dinitrogen, gaseous dioxygen, gaseous water and gaseous carbon dioxide.

2. suppose 69.0 l of carbon dioxide gas are produced by this reaction, at a temperature of − 5.0 °c and pressure of exactly 1 atm . calculate the mass of nitroglycerin that must have reacted. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

1. 4C₃H₅(NO₃)₃ (l) → 12CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g) + O₂(g) + 6N₂(g)

2. 238 g of C₃H₅(NO₃)₃ has been reacted.

Explanation:

This is the chemical reaction:

4C₃H₅(NO₃)₃ (l) → 12CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g) + O₂(g) + 6N₂(g)

For the second part, let's apply the Ideal Gases Law to find out the moles of CO₂ that were produced.

P . V = n . R . T

1 atm . 69L = n . 0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 268K

(1 atm . 69L) / (0.082 L.atm/mol.K . 268K) = n  → 3.14 moles

In the equation, ratio between nitroglycerin and CO₂ is 12:4.

12 moles of CO₂ were produced by 4 moles of C₃H₅(NO₃)₃

Then, 3.14 moles of CO₂ would have been produced by (3.14  .4) / 12 = 1.04 moles of C₃H₅(NO₃)₃

Let's convert the moles to mass, to find out the mass of nitroglycerin that must have reacted (mol . molar mass)

1.04 mol . 227.08 g/mol = 238 g

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation: