Where possible, classify these systems as reactant-favored or product-favored at 298 k. if the direction cannot be determined from the information given, classify the reaction as "insufficient information."

1. a(s) + b(g) ⇆ 2c(g) δh degree=-109 kj
2. a(s) + 2b(g) ⇆ c(g) δh degree=+271 kj
3. a(g) + b(g) ⇆ 4c(g) δh degree=+322 kj
4. a(g) + 2b(g) ⇆ 2c(g) δh degree=-89 kj

the old alchemists made significant contributions to science even though there starting premises were off a bit. their conclusions after failure would steer them into better directions for investigation. science is no more than close observation and the initial mistakes result in rethinking and retrying experiments.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.