Astover-to-ethanol plant produces 40,000 tonne/yr of ethanol and contains 8functionalunits: feedstockhandling, pretreatment,/fermentation distillation, solid/syrup separation, wastewatertreatment, boilers, and turbogeneration/utilities (mcaloon et al., 2000). estimatethe fci of the plant using the empirical correlation based on the work ofbridgwater and mumford (1979)

FCI=88.0818 MM≅88 MM

Explanation:

Empirical correlation based on the work of Bridgwater and Mumford (1979):

For Liquid or solid phase Plants:

                      F<60,000 tonne/yr     Eq (1)

                        F≥60,000 tonnes/yr   Eq (2)

Where:

N is the number of functional units

F is the process throughput tonnes/yr

In our case F=40,000 tonne/yr <60,000 tonne/yr, We are going to use Eq (1)

                      F<60,000 tonne/yr

N=8, F=40,000 tonne/yr

FCI=88.0818 MM≅88 MM

trigonal pyramidal

tetrahedral

trigonal planar

bent

- aluminum and copper chloride.

- the chloride ion to separate the aluminum from the oxygen so that the aluminum can react with the copper ions (and the water molecules).