Avoltaic cell is constructed from an ni2+(aq)−ni(s)ni2+(aq)−ni(s) half-cell and an ag+(aq)−ag(s)ag+(aq)−ag(s) half-cell. the initial concentration of ni2+(aq)ni2+(aq) in the ni2+−nini2+−ni half-cell is [ni2+]=[ni2+]= 1.40×10−2 mm . the initial cell voltage is +1.12 vv . calculate the standard emf of this voltaic cell.

+1.03 V

Explanation:

The standard emf of the voltaic cell is the value of the standard potential of it, which is calculated by the standard reduction potential (E°).

The standard reduction potential is the potential needed for the reduction reaction happen, and it's determined by the reaction with the hydrogen cell (which has E° = 0.0V). The half-reactions of reduction of Ni⁺² and Ag⁺, are:

Ni⁺²(aq) + 2e⁻ → Ni(s) E° = -0.23 V

Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V

The value is calculated by a spontaneous reaction, in which the cell with the greater E° is reduced (gain electrons), and the other is oxidized (loses electrons). So, Ag⁺ reduces.

emf = E°reduces - E°oxides

emf = 0.80 - (-0.23)

emf = +1.03 V

b.final

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.