Chemistry, 28.12.2019 04:31 wilkoASK2919

For a particular reaction, δh⁰ = − 46.7 kj/mol and δs⁰ = − 123.8 j / (mol ⋅ k). assuming these values change very little with temperature, at what temperature does the reaction change from non-spontaneous to spontaneous in the forward direction?
t=
is the reaction in the forward direction spontaneous at temperatures greater than or less than the calculated temperature?
a. less than
b. greater than

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Answer from: liloleliahx2

T = 377.2 K, Less than

Explanation:

The thermodynamic quantity used in predicting whether a reaction is spontaneous or not is the gibbs free energy.

It's relationship with ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ is given as;

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

Basically, a negative value of ΔG° means the reaction is spontaeneous.

To obtain the calculated vale of T,

ΔS° = ΔH°/T

T = ΔH° / ΔS°

T = 377.2 K

Let's calculate the value of ΔG° at that temperature.

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

ΔG° = − 46700 - 377.2(− 123.8)

ΔG° = 0 (approximately, values are due to the rounding off)

At ΔG° = 0 the reaction is at equilibrium.

To find if the reaction is spontaneous at lower or hugher temperature than the calculated temperature, we would be substituting the value of T with a smaller (random) value and also a larger (random) value.

Larger T (390K)

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

ΔG° = − 46700 - 390(− 123.8)

ΔG° = - 46700 + 48,282

ΔG° = 1582 J/mol

Smaller T (350K)

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

ΔG° = − 46700 - 350(− 123.8)

ΔG° = - 46700 + 43330

ΔG° = -3370J/mol

This means the temperature would be lesser than the calculated value for it to be spontaneus.

Answer from: Quest

explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

$^{m}_{4}x$ and $^{m}_4y$

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

$^{m}_{5}x^{-}$

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be $^{9}_{5}be^{-}$ and $^{9}_{4}be$ .

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.

Answer from: Quest

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.

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For a particular reaction, δh⁰ = − 46.7 kj/mol and δs⁰ = − 123.8 j / (mol ⋅ k). assuming these value...

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