For each molecule, specify the polarity of the bonds and the overall polarity of the molecule. a central beryllium atom is connected to two chlorine atoms through single bonds. each chlorine atom has three lone pairs of electrons. a central oxygen atom is connected to two hydrogen atoms through single bonds. there are two lone pairs of electrons around the oxygen atom. two oxygen atoms are connected by a double bond. each oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons. bonds bonds bonds molecule molecule molecule answer bank

1. Bond = polar, molecule = nonpolar

2. Bond = polar, molecule = polar

3. Bond = nonpolar, molecule = nonpolar

Explanation:

The polarity of a bond depends on the difference of electronegativity of the atoms. If it's large, the bond is polar, it is 0 or close to 0, it's nonpolar. The sum of the polarity of the bond is called the dipole moment, which is a vector. If it is 0, the molecule is nonpolar, and if it's different from 0, the molecule is polar.

The dipole moment depends on the geometry because it's a vector, thus it has direction and sense.

1. A central beryllium atom is connected to two chlorine atoms through single bonds. Each chlorine atom has three lone pairs of electrons.

The Beryllium atom has no lone pairs, thus, the geometry of the molecule is linear. Chlorine has higher electronegativity, thus the bond is polar. Both bonds have the same dipole moment, an have 180° between then, thus the dipole moment of the molecule is 0, and the molecule is nonpolar.

2. A central oxygen atom is connected to two hydrogen atoms through single bonds. There are two lone pairs of electrons around the oxygen atom.

Because of the lone pairs of the oxygen atom, the geometry is angular. Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, thus the bond is polar. Because the angle is not 180°, the dipole moment will be different from 0, thus, the molecule is polar.

3. Two oxygen atoms are connected by a double bond. Each oxygen atom has two lone pairs of electrons.

The atoms of oxygen have the same electronegativity, thus the bond is nonpolar. Because there are only two atoms, the molecule is linear and is nonpolar.

trigonal pyramidal

tetrahedral

trigonal planar

bent