31. which of these statements is false?
a. protons have a positive charge.
b. electrons are negatively charged and have a mass of 1 amu.
c. the nucleus of an atom is positively charged.
d. the neutron is found in the nucleus of an atom.

The statement which is false is b. Electrons are negatively charged and have a mass of 1 amu.

Explanation:

Protons can be described as the positively charged part of an atom. Neutrons are the part of an atom which do not carry ant charge. The protons and neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic mass unit of a proton and a neutron is almost 1.

Electrons are the negative charge particles of an atom. They do not have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit. Their atomic mass unit is almost zero. Hence, option B is false.