Which statement(s) is/are true of acid-catalyzed alcohol dehydrations?

a) protonation of the alcohol is a fast step.

b) formation of a carbocation from the protonated alcohol is a slow step.

c) rearrangements of less stable carbocations to more stable carbocations are common.

d) loss of a proton by the carbocation is a fast step.

e) all of the above

"All of the above" are true of acid-catalyzed alcohol dehydrations

Explanation:

A dehydration reaction happens when the organic compound loses the water molecule to give an alkaline. In the case of alcohol, the dehydration reactions generate alkene proceeds when heating the alcohols in the presence of strong acids.

These strong acids are generally sulphuric or phosphoric acid. These acids being at high temperature the alcohol dehydration leads to slow formation of the carbocation, rearrangements of less stable carbocations to more stable carbocations, quickly loss of proton and protonation of alcohol.

a is the correct answer