Why are negative ions larger than the neutral atom from which they form?

a. because the addition of electrons results in an added energy level

b. because the addition of electrons increases the electrostatic repulsion

c. because the removal of electrons results in the removal of an energy level

d. because the removal of electrons decreases the electrostatic repulsion

A. because the addition of electrons results in an added energy level

Explanation:

As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.

As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases .

In both of case when extra electron is added the atom becomes anion and anionic radii is larger than neutral atom because of  addition of electrons results in an added energy level.

- both b and d.

-since b and d are the closest coastlines then that makes it the most affected.

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answer is a

explanation: