Hbr can be added to alkenes in either the absence or presence of peroxides (producing either the markovnikov or the anti-markovnikov addition product). what intermediates leading to the formation of the major product are observed when 1-butene is treated with 1) hbr or 2) hbr/peroxides?

1) 2-bromobutane

2) 1-bromobutane

Explanation:

In the HBr reaction, we will have a markovniknov reaction due to the carbocation formation. The Br- then would be added in the most substituted carbon of the double bond.

In the HBr/peroxide reaction we have the opposite case: an anti-markovnikov reaction. Therefore the Br- would be added in the least substitued carbon of the double bond.

a gas, having a molecular weight of 13 kg/kmol and a kinematic viscosity of 0.25 cm2/s, flows through a pipe 0.25 m internal diameter and 5 km long at the rate of 0.4 m3/s and is delivered at atmospheric pressure.