What are the charges of families 1, 2, & 13 (boron family) if/when they become ions

Explanation:

Group one elements are alkali metals. All alkali metal have one valance electron. They loses their one valance electron and from cation with charge of +1.

Charges on group one.

Hydrogen = +1

Lithium = +1

Sodium = +1

Potassium = +1

Rubidium = +1

Cesium = +1

Francium = +1

Group two elements are alkaline earth metals. All alkaline earth metal have two valance electron. They loses their two valance electron and from cation with charge of +2.

Charges on group two.

Beryllium = +2

Magnesium = +2

Calcium = +2

Strontium = +2

Barium= +2

Radium = +2

Group 13 elements are boron family. All elements have three valance electrons. They loses their three valance electron and from cation with charge of +3.

Charges on group 13.

Boron = +3

Aluminium = +3

Gallium = +3

Indium = +3

Thallium= +3

Group 13 elements are also shows +1 charge by losing one valance electron.

radioactive decay occurs in unstable atomic nuclei – that is, ones that don't have enough binding energy to hold

the nucleus together due to an excess of either protons or neutrons.

  the   balanced   equation   for   reaction of   ca metal   with   o2 to   produce   cao   is as below

2 ca+ o2→ 2 cao2

  explanation

the reaction is   balanced     since the   number of atoms   in reactant side is   equal to   number of atoms   in   product side.   for   example   they   are 2   atom of   ca in   reactant   side   and   2   atoms of ca   in   the product side.

  the   process   is a   meet the   requirement   of   redox   reaction because :     calcium   is   oxidized   from   oxidation state 0   to 2+   while   oxygen   is reduced from   oxidation   state   0   to 2-