Cellulose could provide an abundant and cheap form of glucose for humans. why is cellulose not a source of nutrients for humans? humans, and most vertebrates, lack the enzyme cellulase. human gut bacteria break down cellulose in the large intestine, after nutrient absorption occurs. animals use starch and glycogen as an energy source, whereas plants use cellulose for energy. humans cannot absorb the hydrolyzed form of cellulose. vertebrate enzymes hydrolyze (α 1–4) glucose linkages, but not glucose in the β configuration.

Humans, and most vertebrates, lack the enzyme cellulase.

Explanation:

Cellulose is a polysaccharide and it is made up of glucose however we the humans and other vertebrates lack the enzyme cellulase which is required to break down the cellulose molecule.

Some Animals such as cows, and termites have  bacteria in the intestinal tract which can digest the cellulose as it has cellulase enzyme.

Thus due to symbiotic association with bacteria a few animals may digest cellulose indirectly.

b..

is the correct one

explanation:

covalent bonds form as valence electrons are shared between two atoms. lewis structures and structural formulas are common ways of showing the covalent bonding in organic molecules. formal charge describes the changes in the number of valence electrons as an atom becomes bonded into a molecule.

a saline water is fed to a reverse osmosis unit at flow rate o rotameter connected to reject (retentate) line reads 8 installed in reject and permeate line reads 15.2 milli siemens/cm and 300 micro siemens/com respectively.