Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as
a. groups 3a through 8a
b. transition metals
c. inner transition metals
d. groups 1a and 2a

Answer : The correct option is, (a) Groups 3A through 8A

Explanation :

The general electronic configurations of :

Group 1A :

Group 2A :

Group 3A :

Group 4A :

Group 5A :

Group 6A :

Group 7A :

Group 8A :

Transition metal :

Inner transition metal (Lanthanoids) :

Inner transition metal (Actinoids) :

From the general electronic configurations, we conclude that the groups 3A through groups 8A elements that are characterized by the filling of p-orbitals.

n has four pairs of electrons in the valence shell, electrons repel one another ,n has 7 protons in its nucleus, and since n has 7 protons, it must fill the second shell, giving it 4 pairs of electrons. the electrons form 3 bonds and 1 lone pair of electrons. each pair of electrons repels the other pairs, so they are equally far apart.

so all of the above