Urea (h2nconh2) is used extensively as a nitrogen source in fertilizers. it is produced commercially from the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide:

2 nh3(g) + co2(g) --> h2nconh2(s) + h2o(g)

ammonia gas at 223°c and 90. atm flows into a reactor at a rate of 460. l/min. carbon dioxide at 223°c and 46 atm flows into the reactor at a rate of 600. l/min. what mass of urea is produced per minute by this reaction assuming 100% yield?

/min.

30540 g/min

Explanation:

First, let's calculate the number of moles of each reactant from  the ideal gas equation:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant (R = 0.082 atm*L/mol*K), and T is the temperature. Assuming 1 min:

NH₃: P = 90 atm, V = 460 L, T = 223ºC + 273 = 496 K

90*460 = n*0.082*496

40.672n = 41400

n = 1,018 mol

CO₂: P = 46 atm, V = 600 L, T = 223ºC + 273 = 496 K

46*600 = n*0.082*496

40.672n = 27600

n = 678.6 mol

For the reaction given, the stoichiometry is 2 mol of NH₃ to 1 mol of CO₂. So let's find which one is in excess, testing from CO₂:

2 mol of NH₃ 1 mol of CO₂

1,018 mol of NH₃ x

By a simple direct three rule

2x = 1,018

x = 509 mol of CO₂

So, there are more moles of CO₂ than it's necessary, so it's in excess, and NH₃ is the limiting reactant. The stoichiometry must be done with it, and it is:

2 mol of NH₃ 1 mol of H₂NCONH₂

1,018 mol of NH₃ x

x = 509 mol of H₂NCONH₂

Knowing the molar masses (H = 1g/mol, N= 14 g/mol, C = 12 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol), the molar mass of urea is

2x1 + 14 + 12 + 16 + 14 + 2x1 = 60 g/mol

The mass is the number of moles multiplied by the molar mass:

m = 509x60 = 30540 g

As we did it for 1 min

mass of urea = 30540 g/min

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

i would say b

explanation:

but i think i would need more information than that