Explain how interactions can be both beneficial and harmful to the organism in a community

An ecological community consists of all the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area.

Interactions between different species in a community are called interspecific interactions.

The main types of interspecific interactions include competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

Symbiosis

Symbiosis occur when two species live together in a long-term, intimate association. In everyday life, we sometimes use the term symbiosis to mean a relationship that benefits both parties

Parasitism

It involves two species have a close, lasting interaction that is beneficial to one, the parasite, and harmful to the other, the host.

Commensalism

In a commensalism, two species have a long-term interaction that is beneficial to one and has no positive or negative effect on the other. For instance, many of the bacteria that inhabit our bodies seem to have a commensal relationship with us. They benefit by getting shelter and nutrients and have no obvious helpful or harmful effect on us.

Mutualism

In a mutualism, two species have a long-term interaction that is beneficial to both of them. For example, some types of fungi form mutualistic associations with plant roots. The plant can photosynthesize, and it provides the fungus with fixed carbon in the form of sugars and other organic molecules

Predation

In predation, a member of one species—the predator—eats part or all of the living, or recently living, body of another organism—the prey. This interaction is beneficial for the predator, but harmful for the prey. Predation may involve two animal species, but it can also involve an animal or insect consuming part of a plant, a special case of predation known as herbivory

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