According to daltons atomic theory all adams of the same element are identical today this theory is directly refuted by the discovery of isotopes. first, define the term isotope, then describe the ways in which isotopes of the same element are not identical to each other.

Isotopes are variations of the same atom. They have the same number of protons but have a different number of neutrons. Isotopes of the same element are not identical to each other because they have varying mass numbers. Some isotopes are radioactive because their nucleus is unstable and some isotopes are not radioactive.

when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml