Describe the electrical charges of the particles in atoms

Atom consist of three particles proton , electron and neutron.

electrical charge on electron= -1.6022 × 10∧-19 C

electrical charge on proton= +1.6022 × 10∧-19 C

electrical charge on neutron= 0

Explanation:

Atoms are the fundamental unit of matter. Every thing in the universe that occupy space and have mass is called matter. we can say that every matter is composed of atoms. while the atom is composed of subatomic particles called electron proton and neutron.

Electron:

The electron is subatomic particle that revolve around outside the nucleus and has negligible mass. It has a negative charge.

Symbol = e-

Mass= 9.10938356×10-31 Kg

electrical charge on electron= -1.6022 × 10∧-19 C

It was discovered by j. j. Thomson in 1897 during the study of cathode ray properties.

Proton and Neutron:

An atom consist of positively charged central core (nucleus) that is made up of Proton and neutron.  Proton has positive charge while neutron is electrically neutral. Proton is discovered by Rutherford while neutron is discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.

Symbol of proton= P+  

electrical charge on proton= +1.6022 × 10∧-19 C

Mass of proton=1.672623×10-27 Kg

Symbol of neutron= n0

Mass of neutron=1.674929×10-27 Kg

electrical charge on neutron= 0

All these three subatomic particles construct an atom. A neutral atom have equal number of proton and electron. In other words we can say that negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude and cancel the each other. For example if neutral atom has 6 protons than it must have 6 electrons.