Study figure 13 and answer these questions. (figure is shown at the bottom)
each hydrogen atom ?
each oxygen atom ?
(s) is (are) needed to complete hydrogen's outer shell?
pair(s) is (are) being shared between the hydrogen atoms and the bonded oxygen?
(s) exist(s) between the hydrogen and the oxygen atom?
there electrons are in oxygen's outer orbit?
the inner/outer orbit of oxygen has two electrons?

Explanation:

The given diagram shows a water () molecule. As atomic number of hydrogen is 1 so, its electronic distribution is 1 only. Also, atomic mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.

This means it contains 1 proton and 0 neutron. And, in order to acquire stability a hydrogen atoms needs to gain only 1 electron.

Whereas atomic number of an oxygen atom is 8 and its electronic distribution is 2, 6. Also, atomic mass of oxygen is 16. It means that an oxygen atom contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons.

When n = 1 orbit then it means the number of electrons present in very first orbit of an atom.

When there will be sharing of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms then there will be formation of a covalent bond.

Therefore, according to the diagram:

what is the volume occupied by 40 grams of argon gas (ar) at standard conditions? what volume, in liters, is occupied by 1.5 x 1023