Explain the importance of determinism in an industrial lan. b) explain why a lightly loaded fast- or gigabit ethernet (‘as is’, without ieee 1588 or vlans), can be considered deterministic enough for most industrial systems.

Explanation:

Determinism not being a proper communication system in case of industrial LAN Is not complete. But a continuous change in automation and control systems of LAN has been undergoing does making determinism more usable and making it Important for control over messages.

The light loaded or gigabit Ethernet is considered more deterministic because of its reliability on control and its cost effectiveness making it a good choice for industrial LAN although the speed is comparatively slower.

b) mutualism

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when [oh-] is 10-5  m, and [h3o+] is 10-9  m, the poh is 5 and ph is 9. again in both cases the sum of ph and poh is 14. however, the hydrogen ion concentration is not always going to be equal to exactly 1 x 10 raised to a negative number. for example, we skipped over the value of 2.0 x 10-7.