Consider the following set of ions: al3+; li+, rb+, [(c4h9)4n+].
a). which of these ions will form the largest hydrated ion(s)?
b). which cation(s) will be hydrophobic structure makers?
c).which ion attaches the fewest water molecules when it dissolves in water?
d).which ion is most likely to be an electrostatic structure breaker?
e).which ion is most likely to be an electrostatic structure maker?

Hey there!:

a) Cations which are lowest size generally forms adopts more number of water molecules around it. Such kind of Cations forms largest hydrated ions. Among given cations, Li+ is smallest one and (C4H9)4N+ is largest one. So, Li+ ion forms largest hydrated ion.

b) Organic ligands or alkyl chains contained Cations are hydrophobic in nature due to its low polar nature. Among given (C₄H₉)4N⁺ cation is hydrophobic in nature.

c) Size of cation inversely proportional to the hydrated sphere or number of water molecules attached. So, in the given Cations  (C₄H₉)4N⁺ is largest cation which attaches fewest water molecules.

d) Charge on the cation makes it more electrostatic maker. But size is inversily proportional to electrostatic property. (C₄H₉)4N⁺ is electrostatic structure breaker.

e) Al⁺³ has highest charge. So it is most electrostatic structure maker.

Hope this helps!

the correct answer is b. a strong acid completely dissociates to its ions when dissolved in water. completely dissociates to and ions. a is incorrect because does not fully ionize to and ions and some remain as the compound . c and d are incorrect because, and do not fall into the category of bronsted lowry acids. a bronsted lowry acid is a proton donor and since both molecules do not have a proton to donate they are not bronsted lowry acids. likewise,   if we use the lewis acid definition, they cannot be acids. a lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor. both and have a complete octet so can not accept any electrons which disqualifies them as acids.

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