The phosphorylation of adp3− is given by: adp3−+h++hpo2−4→atp4−+h2o(l) . at t=310k the molar gibbs energy change for the phosphorylation of adp is δgrxn=32.0kj/mol . in the cell the phosphorylation of adp3− is coupled to the oxidation of glucose by the reaction c6h12o6+38adp3−+38h++38hpo2−4+6o2→3 8atp4−+44h2o+6co2. we define the efficiency of this coupling as the fraction of the molar gibbs energy change from oxidation of glucose that is diverted into adp phosphorylation. calculate the efficiency ϵ of this coupling.

The scheme below is from a series of reactions that are part of a synthesis of vitamin a. answer the following questions with reference to this scheme. (i) what is "reagent a"? (ii) draw a step-by-step mechanism which explains the formation of compound c from compound b (iii) which reagents would you use to form compound e from compounds c and d (reagents b and c)? for each reagent suggested above in (ii) explain the role of the reagent in the reaction to (iv) form compound e. you may wish to do this by drawing a mechanism. 1. addition of reagent a но reagent a 2. н,о" thо oh нон-с compound a. compound b. compound c .ch-оh 1. reagent b "сно 2. reagent c сh oh compound e. compound d.