Substitution of an amino group on the para position of acetophenone shifts the cjo frequency from about 1685 to 1652 cm−1 , whereas a nitro group attached to the para position yields a cjo frequency of 1693 cm−1 . explain the shift for each substituent from the 1685 cm−1 base value for acetophenone

Here's what I get.

Explanation:

The frequency of a vibration depends on the strength of the bond (the force constant).

The stronger the bond, the more energy is needed for the vibration, so the frequency (f) and the wavenumber increase.

Acetophenone

Resonance interactions with the aromatic ring give the C=O bond in acetophenone a mix of single- and double-bond character, and the bond frequency = 1685 cm⁻¹.

p-Aminoacetophenone

The +R effect of the amino group increases the single-bond character of the C=O bond. The bond lengthens, so it becomes weaker.

The vibrational energy decreases, so wavenumber decreases to 1652 cm⁻¹.

p-Nitroacetophenone

The nitro group puts a partial positive charge on C-1. The -I effect withdraws electrons from the acetyl group.

As electron density moves toward C-1, the double bond character of the C=O group increases.

The bond length decreases, so the bond becomes stronger, and wavenumber  increases to 1693 cm¹.

given:

mass of na = 115 g

excess cl2

to determine:

mass of nacl produced

explanation:

given reaction is-

2na(s) + cl2(g) → 2nacl(s)

since cl2 is in excess, na will be the limiting reagent

as per the reaction stoichiometry na: nacl = 1: 1

i.e. moles of na reacted = moles of nacl formed

now, # moles of na = mass of na/atomic mass

                                  = 115 g/23 g.mol-1 = 5 moles

therefore, moles of nacl = 5

molar mass of nacl = 58 g/mol

mass of nacl = 5 moles * 58 g.mol-1 = 290 g

ans: amount of nacl produced = 290 g

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