Achemist wants to extract copper metal from copper chloride solution. the chemist places 0.50 grams of aluminum foil in a solution containing 0.75 grams of copper (ii) chloride. a single replacement reaction takes place. which statement explains the maximum amount of copper that the chemist can extract using this reaction

Answer & Explanation:

The replacement of aluminium (Al) by copper (Cu) can be represented by the following chemical equation:

3CuCl2 + 2Al  = 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

We are given 0.50g of Al, and 0.75g of CuCl2

We calculate the maximum amount of copper by assuming one of the reactants (CuCl2 or Al) will be depleted.

Calculations:

The corresponding molecular masses are :

3CuCl2 = 3 (63.546+2*35.457) = 403.38 (1)

2Al = 2*26.9815 = 53.963(2)

2AlCl3 = 2 (26.9815+3*35.457) = 266.705  (we don't need to know this!)

3Cu = 3*63.546 = 190.638(3)

Assuming 0.50g of aluminium will be depleted with unlimited CuCl2, the amount of copper recuperated will be:

M1 = 0.50 *( (3)/(2) ) = 0.50*190.638/53.963 = 1.766 g

If 0.75g of CuCl2 were depleted with unlimited Al, the amount of copper recuperated will be

M2 = 0.75 * ( (3) / (1) ) = 0.75 * 190.638 / 403.38 = 0.354 g   < M1

Therefore CuCl2 is the limiting reagent.

Since we can obtain the maximum amount of copper from the limiting reagent (CuCl2), so the required maximum amount is 0.35 g of copper.

explanation:

the largest database of organic compounds lists about 10 million substances, which include compounds originating from living organisms and those synthesized by chemists. the number of potential organic compounds has been estimated at 1060—an astronomically high number. the existence of so many organic molecules is a consequence of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, resulting in chains and rings of many different sizes, shapes, and complexities. the simplest organic compounds contain only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and are called hydrocarbons. even though they are composed of only two types of atoms, there is a wide variety of hydrocarbons because they may consist of varying lengths of chains, branched chains, and rings of carbon atoms, or combinations of these structures. in addition, hydrocarbons may differ in the types of carbon-carbon bonds present in their molecules. many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils; other hydrocarbons have been prepared in the laboratory. we use hydrocarbons every day, mainly as fuels, such as natural gas, acetylene, propane, butane, and the principal components of gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil. the familiar plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are also hydrocarbons. we can distinguish several types of hydrocarbons by differences in the bonding between carbon atoms. this leads to differences in geometries and in the hybridization of the carbon orbitals.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.