Explain your answer.

14. element x, whose atoms have an outer-shell electron configuration ns^2np^3, is most likely to react chemically to form ions which have a charge of

(a) +3 (b) + 1 (c) -3 (d) -2

16. the n = 1 shell contains p sub-orbitals. all the other shells contain p sub-orbitals.

a. 3,6 b. 0,3 c. 6,2 d. 3,3

14. (C) -3; 16. B. 0, 3

Explanation:

14. Ionic charge

X: ns²np³.

The element is three electrons short of having a complete octet.

It is likely to react chemically to add those three electrons and form an X³⁻ ion.

16. Orbitals in subshells

The n = 1 shell contains no p orbitals. All the other shells contain three p orbitals.

The n = 1 shell contains only one s orbital. Every higher shell contains a p subshell, and each p subshell contains three p orbitals.

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