Why does the presence of ione pairs contribute to the polarity of a water molecule?

a. they allow the bonds between oxygen and hydrogen to be single
b. they increase the partial positive charge on the oxygen atom.
c. they prevent the atoms from forming in a linear molecule
d. they counter the uneven pull on electrons between the atom

1. they vary with a higher number because boiling is way hotter than melting

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.