How do you know when a chemical reaction has taken place?

Which function is performed by earths atmosphere? a. ultraviolet rays are prevented from reaching the ozone layer. b. earths temperature is raised and moderated by trapping in heat c. charged particles from the sun are prevented from reaching earth. d. magnetic charges from space are prevented from reaching earths surface.

Acompound contains c, h, and o atoms. when 1.130 g of the compound is burned in oxygen, 1.064 g co2 and 0.3631 g h2o are produced. what is the empirical formula of this compound?

Consider the elements bromine and chlorine; which elements has a larger ionic radius ?