Avertical column within the periodic table represents a family or

Explanation:

Elements present in vertical columns of a periodic table represent a group or a family.

For example, elements of group 2 are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.

Elements of a group have same number of valence electrons due to which they show same chemical properties.

Whereas elements present in a horizontal line depicts period in a periodic table.

For example, lithium, beryllium, boron and carbon they all belong to period 2 of the periodic table.

Hence, we can conclude that a vertical column within the periodic table represents a family or group.

the old alchemists made significant contributions to science even though there starting premises were off a bit. their conclusions after failure would steer them into better directions for investigation. science is no more than close observation and the initial mistakes result in rethinking and retrying experiments.